Morality and Social Responsibility Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assess the Global Role and Local Impact of Multinational Companies. Free Essays

Evaluate the worldwide job and nearby effect of global organizations. A worldwide organization is frequently characterized as an enterprise whose tasks and speculations are expand over various nations. They are likewise alluded to as transnational organizations. We will compose a custom exposition test on Evaluate the Global Role and Local Impact of Multinational Companies. or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now In this manner given this definition it would be normal that if an organization works over such an enormous region, that it would undoubtedly have numerous impacts and impacts, locally and all inclusive, and its job would likewise be very critical as it can affect an economy, nature and general consequences for society. Be that as it may, changing the manner in which they run things so as to accomidate society could separate there business and they could in the long run have no effect on society so taking a gander at the circumstance would they say they is impacts worth the change? ‘Theory has developed throughout the years with respect to social concerns, society’s desires and corporate duty. Without a doubt, early administration and monetary scholars saw the organization as having a solid trustee duty to investors, yet avoided considering any genuine commitment to other partner groups’ (Friedman 1962; Teece 1984) (Corporate social obligation, Accountability and Governance; Istemi Demirag). This announcement I believe is extremely evident, because of the way that, as time proceeds people’s assessments of what is regarded socially capable in both corporate and ordinary society fluctuates, as it is a touchy theme that is very conclusion based. Corporate social obligation is when organizations understand that their exercises have monetary, social and natural impacts. In any case, to lay it out plainly it tends to be isolated into two general classifications; one-off exercises and bigger issues of arrangement and methodology. One-off exercises essentially spread things, for example, magnanimous gifts of cash and time given to noble cause or network extends, which are all at the attentiveness of the proprietors of the organization. Bigger issues of arrangement and system is the place the organization needs to have a considerably more given attention to the organizations good, social, moral and ecological acts inside its activities. This requires the organization to investigate other outside impacts that legitimately influence the business, for example, pressure gatherings. This could be viewed as a kind of possibility arranging as it enables a firm to keep away from future clashing interests with the outside world. Acting socially dependable carries numerous advantages to both the organization and society, if the right methodology is utilized. So by a firm tolerating social duty, regular issues can be decreased, for example, joblessness and contamination. Hence you would likewise observe a tremendous improvement in the personal satisfaction, as society would be calculated into the everyday dynamic procedure of the organization. A business which incorporates this methodology is well on the way to see even more an unmistakable result, as they will most likely profit by expanded money related execution from exercises, for example, decreased working expenses from reusing rather than squander removal. The organization could likewise improve its image picture from a decent notoriety and addition the capacity to pull in capital and exchanging, so will in this manner see the advantages from expanded deals and client dependability. Be that as it may, this could likewise be a case for firms to not acknowledge this obligation, as they can experience the ill effects of absence of client intrigue in the event that they haven’t found the correct methodology for them. This is on the grounds that different organizations see corporate obligation being generally choking, as now and again it has lead to items having an absence of deals, or makes the item less productive. This is because of the way that presenting a portion of these socially dependable strategies into a firm is exorbitant, so this can prompt an expansion evaluated items for the clients or a littler overall revenue on the item for the organization. In any case, during the ongoing monetary emergency organizations are more uncertain now like never before to not act socially capable as they are progressively centered around benefit and endurance. Then again there could be a differentiating hypothesis as corporate duty can simply be utilized by a firm as a promoting ploy, as a company’s generally speaking methodology is to make benefit by reacting to what their shoppers need, so they may simply utilize this technique so as to boost their item life cycle in this manner expanding its income. Inconsistencies of corporate obligation have been seen many occasions throughout the years inside organizations, for example, ‘Barclays Bank CLAIM: We have the right stuff, assets and assurance to cause a positive and enduring commitment to the networks in which we to work. ’ (Barclays social audit, 1999) ACTION: Barclays bank shut 172 branches in April 2000’ ‘Proctor Gamble CLAIM: A representative ought to have the option to address â€Å"yes† to the inquiries: is this the correct activity? With this activity maintain pg’s notoriety as a moral organization? (Delegate Gamble set of accepted rules) ACTION: Proctor Gamble keeps on exchanging Burma, while different organizations have pulled out in view of the shocking record of the Burmese government on human rights. ’ ‘BAT (British American Tobacco) CLAIM: its corporate social obligation report characterizes focuses for diminishing vitality use, water utilization and waste items, and depicts its promise to edified business rehearses. Activity: it advertises its tobacco items mercilessly to youngsters †it was gotten on TV passing out bundles of Benson Hedges cigarettes to high school volley athletes in the Gambia. ’ (All three models utilized is from AQA AS Business contemplates, John Wolinski Gwen Coates) Number of organizations utilizing corporate social obligation revealing, 1994 †2006 Source: EarthTrends, 2008 utilizing information from UNPE, 2008 The graph above does in truth show that business are beginning to understand the significance of corporate duty and meeting their customers’ needs by adjusting to it. As the outline show constant development generally speaking from 1994 to 2006 which shows the criticalness of the subject to society and the business world. By and large, positive externalities are made for society by organizations that aside from corporate social obligation just as immediate advantages to the firm. In any case, a great deal of global organizations are situated in a greater amount of the westernized nations, so there principle workplaces are viewed as socially mindful some of which could be only because of the law where it is represented by. A portion of these organizations may then again have ‘back offices’ from re-appropriating activities in provinces, for example, China and India, where it isn't guaranteed that these socially capable components are being kept, which is an expanding issue as an ever increasing number of organizations do it every year. Worldwide organizations likewise must know about their worldwide job as far as business morals. Business morals can be characterized as the weaving of ‘morals or a guideline of what is correct or wrong in human behaviour’ (business and society, Edmund Marshall) into a business’s exercises. Each organization begins with a morals whether purposeful or depicted by the proprietors or representatives. These morals are what help structure the manner in which the business is run, regardless of whether they are not commonly the correct ones for society. Be that as it may, all organizations do must have morals which harmonize with the law of which it is represented by. This does in reality make it trickier for worldwide organizations to get morals which both maintain the laws of every nation its organization involves, and have them be socially right with the goal that they are ethically regarded. In spite of the fact that, not doing so could have significant impact on the organizations notoriety, as global organizations are all the more regularly known as they are commonly bigger. In this manner, it could bring about overwhelming imprints in their customer base which would later influence the company’s income. All through late years organizations have been compelled to see their support and impacts on the earth, primarily because of social orders strain to do as such. Nonetheless, reacting to such weights can give a firm numerous focal points, for example, showcasing openings, money related favorable position and human asset openings. At the point when an organization is in effect ‘Environmentally friendly’ it depicts t its clients a generally excellent notoriety which is a positive showcasing apparatus. This can help accomplish brand acknowledgment all the more effectively and even convince a client to pick them over a contender. So could in general increment a business’s deals just as give them more grounded brand unwaveringness. This could even offer a firm the chance to expand their items overall revenues, with the goal that the expenses happened from the change that would profit the earth will be secured. In any case, despite the fact that this change can beneficially affect an organization they do need to roll out tremendous improvements on their activities with the goal that it doesn’t effectsly affect the earth. For example, for example, the utilization of crude materials and vitality, numerous organizations utilize limited assets like coal and oil as they are less expensive, however they will inevitably run out and desert negative synthetic concoctions. So firms need to discover to a greater degree a sustainable power source asset that suits them. Another ecological effect that happens regularly is the removal of waste and results. Presently gases might be discharged into the climate, fluids into streams and solids into landfills which are all very destructive to the earth. Then again, I do see that it is expensive to discover different methods of removal so I figure the organization should concentrate more on changing the manners in which the waste is delivered with the goal that less is made. Likewise while getting ecological obligation, an organization needs to make a possibility arrangements, primary

Your Quick Guide to Alter vs. Altar

Your Quick Guide to Alter vs. Altar Choosing between alter and altar is really quite simple once you realize that one is a verb (alter) and the other is a noun (altar). At that point, its just a matter of determining whether you need a noun or a verb in the context of a sentence. Lets look at the two definitions:Alter is a verb meaning to make different without changing into something else or to become different. The only time you will see it in another context would be as an adjective (for example, alter ego). In that sense, it will still retain the meaning of having changed but be used as an adjective instead.Altar, on the other hand, is a noun meaning a usually raised structure or place on which sacrifices are offered or incense is burned in worshipâ€"often used figuratively to describe a thing given great or undue precedence or value especially at the cost of something else [for example, sacrificed his family life on the altar of career advancement].As you can see, simply looking at the context of the word in the s entence will help clarify which word (altar vs. alter) should be used. Here are some examples of each word used in context correctly:AlterWhen you dye your hair, you will alter its texture.Dont alter that photo, we want to make sure its the original.AltarThe bride and groom said their vows at an altar decorated with flowers and candles.The ceremony will take place at the churchs altar.

Social Work with Dementia Patients - 1788 Words

HISTORY OF DEMENTIA: The human brain is extraordinary organ. It stores our memories, vision, hearing, speech, and capable of executing executive higher reasoning and functions setting us apart from animals. Today we know more about the human brain because of medical advances and the development of technology. These brain disorders have been studied for years and many others would classify dementia as a mental illness because it causes cognitive impairments. The following paragraphs will discuss what dementia is, what the types of dementia are, perspectives of patients with dementia as well as the perspective of a caregiver to a dementia patient. The first case of dementia was discovered in 1906 by a German physiatrist Alois Alzheimer. It†¦show more content†¦While blood tests cannot say that a person has Alzheimer but a genetic marker has been found in the human genes that determines a risk factor. Another type of exam used to determine Alzheimer is a urine analysis by specifically looking for high protein or sugar levels. While this is not linked to the detection of Alzheimer it cannot help rule out other diseases that present similarly to Alzheimer. TYPES AND STAGES OF DEMENTIA: The focus of this paper has thus far been only on Alzheimer. Alzheimer has five stages which are, one; preclinical, two; mild, three; mild, four; moderate, five; severe and, six; terminal (Colleen Nerney, 2014). The preclinical stage as discussed from out class notes can be diagnosed in the earlier years of al adult and a patient can stay in this stage any where from 10-30 years. During this stage atrophy starts and the brain starts loosing its mass. During this period Alzheimer is often not noticed. It is during the mild stage of Alzheimer that a patient gets a diagnose and they can stay in this stage from 5-10 years in which then experience a decline in memory loss, they engage in repetitive statements. They are no longer able to complete tasks, they get lost, and are easily confused. During this stage family members can notice a change in their personality and moods that cause a disruption. During the moderate state an increase in memory loss can be observed, a shorter attention span is present, they are extremely confused andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis and Description of Dementia Essay1741 Words   |  7 PagesDementia is characterized as a condition where the mental processes of cogniti on and memory start to deteriorate. It is described as a syndrome that hinders the daily lives of those who have it and is characterized by memory and thinking impairment. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s Disease and the second most common is vascular dementia. Dementia is a syndrome occurring usually, but not limited, to people over the age of 40 and is due to brain damage caused by natural deterioratingRead MoreA Brief Note On The Final Stages Of The Disease1314 Words   |  6 Pagesstages of the disease, patients have problems eating, communicating with others, and controlling their bladder or bowels (Newton par. 16). There are a lot of social factors that are affected when a person has dementia. One example would be that the patient may forget simple words and replace them with something more inappropriate (Signs par. 4). Although there is a lot that is affected when a person has dementia, the patient still has some basic mental stability. Dementia pati ents may still hold ontoRead MoreDementia And The Power Of Music Therapy By Steve Matthews1011 Words   |  5 Pages In the article â€Å"Dementia and the Power of Music Therapy† by Steve Matthews, argues that music therapy has positive effects on dementia, in terms of non-pharmacological treatment, inexpensive in health budgets, and neurocognitive benefits for patients. Matthews starts off the article by describing current tendency of dementia in western nation. He mentions that dementia is one of fast increasing disease in United States, Canada, UK, Europe, and Australia. Additionally, Australian government’s investmentRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Vascular Dementia1510 Words   |  7 PagesDementia is a disease that is seen to be affecting many of our elderly population nowadays. Dementia patients show progressive symptoms, which become severe with age. Some of the symptoms include memory loss, difficulty performing intellectual activities and overall lose of cognition. There are many causes of dementia so therefore the prevalence rate of it is increasing yearly. Dementia can be caused due to genetic vulnerability such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), lifestyle choices and from other chronicRead MoreIntroduction. This Paper Is A Critical Analysis Of Two1147 Words   |  5 Pageswhose story it is : The challenges of undertaking life story work with people with dementia and their families. Dementia, (Qualitative) and Milne, A., Guss, R., and Russ, A., 2014, Psycho-educational support for relatives of people with a recent diagnosis of mild to moderate dementia: An evaluation of a ‘Course for Carers . Dementia. (Quantitative) These papers have been selected as they embrace contrasting research strategies on Dementia- qualitative and quantitative. The main aim of this analysisRead MoreThe National Institute Of Neurological Disorders And Stroke Defines Dementia1563 Words   |  7 PagesStroke defines dementia as:â€Å" word for a group of symptoms caused by disorders that affect the brain. It is not a specific disease. People with dementia may not be able to think well enough to do normal activities, such as getting dressed or eating. They may lose their ability to solve problems or control their emotions. Their personalities may change. They may become agitated or see things that are not there. (Health, 2014).This essay is going to discuss and explore what dementia is and the fourRead MoreMental Health Case Study1261 Words   |  6 Pagesa Mental Health professional in a trial of 580 patients. This test was performed within 48 hours of the original PHQ-9. The Cronbach’s Aplha was 0.84 for the test-retest. The means score for the clinic samples was 5.08 and 5.03 for the telephone interviews. The reliability appears to be great for this instrument and has similar results in different settings. Validity The validity of the PHQ-9 instrument appeared to be great. Out of the 41 patients that were diagnosed to have major depression theirRead MoreDisengagement Theory And Alzheimer s Disease901 Words   |  4 Pageswhich states that a person should remain active and social. There is the Continuation Theory and states that people who age successfully continue habits that lead to a happy life. Then there is the disengagement theory and this theory will be the focus of the paper. Disengagement theory is the idea that as people age it is expected for them to withdraw from society and take a more limited social role in life. I believe that this theory ties into dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease because it is expectedRead MoreThe Effects Of Occupational Therapy On Enhancing Quality Of Life1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Occupational Therapy in Enhancing Quality of Life for Individuals With Dementia Dementia is a chronic syndrome that involves a progressive deterioration of brain function and leaves a person to suffer from not only a cognitive decline but physical, emotional, and behavioral changes as well. There are over ten different types of dementia and each cause significant changes in the make up of the brain and the brain function. Those changes include deposits of protein that form plaquesRead MoreDrug Therapy And Its Effects On The Health Of Individuals Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pagessomething for the effects of drugs. However, drug therapy is not the only effective type of therapy and does not work for every disease. Cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and dementia have been effecting more and more people over time and there is still no cure or promising treatment. Therefore, we must look at different options when considering the well beings of these suffering patients. We must look beyond the medical research labs and start looking back at the self and the effectiveness of other therapies

Bullying Is A Growing Epidemic - 1345 Words

Bullying is a growing epidemic in today’s society and has become a pressing social and educational concern. It is often dismissed as typical adolescent behavior but ignoring the problem could be detrimental to the bully, the person being bullied, and even those who stand by witnessing the unkind acts but do nothing about it. Bullying can hinder academic, social, and emotional development and because it manifests in different forms, it is important to recognize the signs and address it with all parities immediately. Horton (2011) defines bullying as â€Å"a group’s collective aggressiveness towards an individual or group of individuals who provoke or attract this aggressiveness† (p. 268). According to Brank, Hoetger, and Hazen (2012) there are four main types of bullying: physical, verbal, relational (or social), and cyber bullying. Physical bullying is characterized by acts of aggression such as punching or hitting. Verbal bullying is characterized by name calling or teasing. Deliberately leaving someone out of activities and/or starting rumors characterizes relational or social bullying. Cyber bullying utilizes technology such as texts, email, or social media to express aggression toward others (p. 214). Regardless of the form of bullying, a common thread amongst them is there is a power imbalance between the bully and the person being bullied. Being able to physically or verbally hurt others, being more confident, having superior manipulative or social skills, andShow MoreRelatedThe Law Of The Few1111 Words   |  5 PagesThe Law of the Few Cyber bullying is a rapidly growing issue that directly affects adolescent health, and because 95% of teens use the Internet, and 81% use social media such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace, and Instagram, they are susceptible to online harassment 24 hours of the day. (Cyber Bullying and Bullying Must Be Studied Within a Broader Peer Victimization Framework). According to the 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 14.8%Read MoreInformative speech outline Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagesbrain just never really registered but I was highly aware that teen suicide was a growing epidemic. So I decided that I needed to understand why two things such as death and teenagers go hand in hand. D. Preview: In order to share what I have learned about why about 4,600 youths between the ages of 10-24 commit suicide every year I will explain to you three of the main causes for teen suicide. They include Stress, Bullying, and also Depression. (Center for Disease Control: Teen Suicide Statistics, ChartRead MoreEssay about Bullying: A Major Problem in Today’s Schools563 Words   |  3 PagesBullying has been a major problem in today’s schools Bullying is a major problem in today’s society, especially among teens. With teens spending most of their time at school this environment must be as safe as possible. Schools need to be more proactive in addressing the issue of bullying because many students are bullied in many different ways, the effects can be deadly, and students deserve a safe place to learn. At schools kids are getting bullied in many different ways. For example, studentsRead MoreCyberbullying And Its Effect On Children Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscuss cyberbullying, what it means, the concern, what is involved, and who is involved. Thirdly, the effects of cyberbullying, why and how has it become a concern, consequences for those involved, how bad the problem is, and will it continue to be a growing concern unless something is done. And lastly, what is being done to address the problem of cyberbullying, what is the government doing about the problem, people and organizations that are or need to be involved, and what else could be done. The internetRead MoreBullying Is Becoming A Silent Epidemic Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesBullying is becoming a silent epidemic in the United States, not only affecting our children but adults as well. Adults can experience workplace bullying that involves verbal, physical, and mental mistreatment that can come from your manager or a co-worker. Bullying is an ethical problem that we see in our organizations affecting an employee’s morale and productivity. Bullying not only affects operations, but also affects employee’s health, and well-being, therefore, management should be awareRead MoreBullying : A Victim Of Sexual Harassment872 Words   |  4 PagesNo Longer Afraid Throughout the last 30 years, bullying cases of various types (physical and verbal) and situations (cyber and social) are growing rampant; and as a result, we’re now accustomed to hearing daily of the turmoil. A young victim, abused and embarrassed, suffers another attack and a bully walks away with a few days of suspension doled out by a useless disciplinary policy, useless to inhibit it from reoccurring. Whether it’s sexual harassment, self-defense, or defense of another, aRead MoreBullying Interventions That Support Exceptional Education Students914 Words   |  4 Pagesexist in the school system today is bullying. This type of misbehavior can cause the school climate to be unconducive to learning. Bullying can also have a negative effect on not just the regular student, but the exceptional education student as well. Because of the growing epidemic (trend) of bullying, it is a need to further research the effects that bullying has on the special education stud ent. These facts lead to the proposed research topic, â€Å"Bullying Interventions that support exceptionalRead MoreBullying Is Becoming More Spread At An Alarming And Dangerous Rate Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pagesreceiving an education are becoming a host of parasitic bullying, negatively affecting students learning environments. Central Idea: The presence of bullying is growing. It has reached a point that as it is becoming worse in school systems and is affecting students of all ages. This calls for a need of intervention or the establishment of stricter policies towards anti-bullying. Introduction In spite of anyone at any age being a victim of bullying, children and teenagers are the primary targets.ChildrenRead MoreBullying Is Becoming More Spread At An Alarming And Dangerous Rate Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pages Bullying in schools is becoming more spread at an alarming and dangerous rate. Specifically,School systems that are commonly viewed as excellent sources of receiving education are becoming a host of parasitic bullying, negatively affecting students learning environments. The presence of bullying is presented like a disease and is growing. It has reached a point that to prevent it from becoming worse, school systems need to intervene or establish stricter policies towards anti-bullying so thatRead Moreforce have contributed to a dramatic shift in family eating habits. The traditional family dinner900 Words   |  4 Pagesforce have contributed to a dramatic shift in family eating habits. The traditional family dinner has been replaced by microwavable dinners or unhealthy fast foods. Also, the shifting economy has resulted in a growing number of latch-key children. Often these children are responsible for providing snacks and dinner for themselves and their younger siblings. Compounding the problems associated with latch key children, parents’ perceptions of safe neighborhoods also contribute to increases in childhood

The Middle Passage Hell on Earth Free Essays

The Middle Passage: Hell on earth Olaudah Equiano’s The Middle Passage is a chilling look into the infamous Middle Passage, a harrowing journey across the Atlantic made by captured African slaves. The Middle Passage is told from Equiano’s own perspective of being captured, allowing the reader to more fully grasp the torturous emotions and tribulations involved in being ripped from your home and shipped a world away. Through the Middle Passage, historians are able to view one of the most gruesome aspects of the journey to slavery from a first person perspective, examining the interactions between many cultures and the impressions each had of one another. We will write a custom essay sample on The Middle Passage: Hell on Earth or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Middle Passage begins with Equiano’s sight and subsequent boarding of the ship that will take him across the Atlantic. It is obvious from the very beginning of his description that this is either his first or one of his first experiences with white people, describing them as â€Å"bad spirits† and believing â€Å"they were going to kill me. Fear is the first emotion Olaudah feels, and rightly so: The journey of 1-6 months had a 15% mortality rate, higher for africans during the process of capture and containment. (Wiki) In the subsequent paragraphs, fear turns into hopelessness, as Equiano begins to assess his situation and realizing he was â€Å"deprived of all chance of returning to my native country† As his journey progresses, the true horrors of the trip unfold. The disease and stench of the proximity with which the slaves are held make up arguably the worst of the trauma; many throw up, no doubt adding to the disgust. Historians here get interesting insight into the psyche of the crew: instead of leaving the slaves to die down below, they show vested interest in their cargo, allowing the sickest or most at danger of dying to be brought to the deck of the ship in order to survive. No doubt this seeming empathy was targeted at ensuring survival and thus profit margin rather than compassion. Multiple captured slaves commit suicide, preferring death over their grotesque conditions, a sickening allusion to how terrible the ship must have been. Upon reaching land the slaves are rounded up and finally given an explanation by other slaves that they will not be eaten, a fear that evidently persisted throughout the journey. They are then rounded up as cattle to be bought by land owners and merchants, a process similar to the reports of slave selling in 19th century America. Equiano’s journey finally over, he remarks on the fact he will most likely never see anyone from that journey again, as he is now alone in a foreign world where he neither speaks the language nor has knowledge of any culture of customs. The Middle Passage tells a tale of suffering, calamity and filth. The insight historians glean from the tale no doubt confirms what is already known of the slave trade: that it is a torturous, inhumane institution who’s end could not have came soon enough. How to cite The Middle Passage: Hell on Earth, Papers

Law in a Business Context Essays - Economy, Law, Business

Law in a Business Context Employment law research Marek Pongo | @00388578 Table of Content 1.0 Introduction P.2 2.0 Employee Status P.2 3.0 Three Employee Tests P.3/4 4.0 Test selection in Courts P.4/5 5.0 Conclusion . P.5 6.0 Reference List . P.5 1.0 Introduction In this report, I will evaluate and define what is employee status test with a detailed case laws that abstract the term of an "employee status test". Secondly there will be explanation of the three-employee status test that are currently presented on courts and also defined with academic reference/case laws. And lastly regarding the three tests I will analyze which test is currently being followed by the courts, again with supported case law example. 2.0 Employee Status When it comes to employment and and the status, firstly we need to define what is an employment and how does it work. Employment connects with the contract where agreement is created, forming basis of a relationship employment. Enforceable by the law, contract can be express in oral or in writing method: (Employment Rights Act 1996 s 230(2) and originate immediately. From written contracts, it requires employee's signature and the signature of an organization representative. As Ewan Macintyre (2014) stated "People employed under a contract of employment, or a contract of service' as such a contract is commonly known, are employees" Example above, written by Ewan Macintyre and published in 2014. The phrase "People employed under a contract of employment, or a contract of service' as such a contract is commonly known, are employees" appears on page 590 of the book written in reference list. Those who provides services on under a contract of employment are classed as an independent contractor. (Ewan, 2014) Employees and independent contractor distinct from several reasons. First, terms that applied to contracts of employment are not implied into independent contractors. Then employers can be critically liable for offences that's committed by employees during the process of employment. However, offences of independent contractors are not generally liable. Lastly majority of employees consult on their protection rights only upon employees. (Ewan, 2014) 3.0 Three employee tests To define and distinct employee's identity and rights, the courts has developed for both employees and independent contractors three main tests, over the past years. The first test is the Control Test, second is "Integration test and last one is Economic Reality test. (Ewan, 2014) Control Test This test assumes and conduct, that employees are in the position of being told not to do it and how to do it, in other words from Ewan's Book, (2014) "held that employees could not only be told what to do but they could also be told how to do it". However independent contractors were in the position to be told for achievement's purposes. But it was on contractor's power on whatever method to fit on these purposes. The test has not work well, specifically on skilled employees, so further tests has been made. This example was written and defined by Ewan Macintyre, published in 2014. The phrase "held that employees could not only be told what to do but they could also be told how to do it" is available at page 590 in the book written in reference list. Integration Test Stevenson Jordan and Harrison Ltd v Macdonald and Evans (1952) 1 TLR 101 Denning LJ has evolved an integration test, where on under a contract of service (contract of employment) a person that is employed as a part of the business progress and his working process is completed, on the integral level of the business. But under a contract of services, a contract made by the independent contractor. The work, that has been for the business is not integrated into it, but classed as an accessory. The test has worked better than the previous test, because certain skilled employees like surgeons acts in the control when it comes to operate the patients, surgeons has their own power of control therefore the test has been flexible and procedures has been followed. LJ (1952) clearly stated that "employees were part and parcel of the organization' whereas independent contractors were not" (Ewan, 2014) Citate above is written by Ewan and LJ, published in 2014. Phrase above "employees were part and parcel of the organization' whereas independent contractors were not" can

Punishing an innocent person

Punishing an innocent person All societies around the world have adopted a set of laws that have been precisely designed to create an environment of peace, order and respect for universal human rights like the right to life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Punishing an innocent person specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has therefore been necessary to create institutions such as the police force and courts of law; which have been given a responsibility of detecting, arresting and punishing individuals that fail to live by established laws in a society. Generally, we have been intuited by our consciousness and our societies to approve punishments for the guilty (Those that have trudged on other’s rights or broken set laws). However, as we have often observed, our societies are so complex that it is hardly possible to establish a comprehensive system of appreciating the just and punishing the guilty. Just like the guilty, the innocent have and will continue to be punished. A number of philosophical thoughts have therefore been presented on the morality of punishing the innocent intentionally. These philosophical thoughts have tried to justify the punishment of an innocent person in some specific circumstances. It is useful here to evaluate the meaning of innocence. According to Murphy (2007), it is much easier to define innocence from the legal perspective as compared to doing the same from a moral perspective. From a legal perspective, someone can be judged to be guilty (the reverse of innocent) if he/she has engaged in an act or behavior that is not allowed by a set of rules governing a society where he/she comes from (Murphy, 2007). Moving to the moral field, the threshold moves to the grey scale as one is obliged to apply theories on morality, which often contradict each other, in order to define innocence (Murphy, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your fi rst paper with 15% OFF Learn More The utilitarian moral theory is oftentimes applied to justify the punishment of an innocent individual (Murphy, 2007). According to the utilitarian theory, an action or behavior can be evaluated to be morally acceptable or not depending on the effects that it will bring to the greatest number of people (Kay, 1997). When an action brings about happiness and pleasure to an extensive portion of a population that it will affect, then, such an action is morally acceptable in the eyes of a utilitarian (Kay, 1997). However, when an action brings about suffering and pain to an extensive segment of a population that it will affect, then, such an action is judged to be morally wrong in the eyes of a utilitarian (Kay, 1997). Considering that the process of punishing any person will automatically bring about pain to the one undergoing punishment, such a process will be morally acceptable to a utilitarian if it brings about joy to the most extens ive segment of a population (Kay, 1997). The action of punishing a person for breaking a law/laws cannot therefore be acceptable to a utilitarian if the action will fail to contribute in bringing joy to many (Kay, 1997). The innocence of an individual as it pertains to punishment is therefore of less importance here. What matters however is the effect of the punishment on the largest section of a populace-whether it will be able to bring them pleasure or pain (Kay, 1997). It is therefore possible to picture some complex scenarios that may justify the intentional punishment of an innocent person as it pertains to the utilitarian theory. For example, let’s imagine that a rioting and destructive mob capable of destroying properties as well as killing and injuring thousands of lives is demanding that a certain individual be killed (Newman, 1995). In this case, releasing the person whose life has been demanded by the destructive mob will definitely lead to many killings and pain; bringing about suffering and pain to many (Newman, 1995). On the other hand, killing the person whose life has been demanded by the destructive mob will deter the mob, and therefore save many lives and property, preventing pain for many (Newman, 1995). In this case, although the concerned person may be innocent; at least in legal terms, an individual or party that is guided by utilitarian principles will not hesitate to punish him (the person whose life has been demanded by the destructive mob) even if it means murdering him, because such an action will be deemed to have prevented suffering for the largest segment of a population (Newman, 1995).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Punishing an innocent person specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What about a person that has not been confirmed to be guilty and is held by the police for the reason that releasing such a person will lead to a series of crimes like murder that w ill immediately be done by the person in custody from the moment he is released (Newman, 1995). The person in custody, although innocent, can therefore be subjected to punishment as he is held in a prison where he endures limited freedom and deplorable living conditions in order to prevent him from bringing about harm to a portion of a society where he operates from (Newman, 1995). On the other hand, the person in custody can be given freedom by releasing him from custody, something that will precede a series of sufferings to a portion of a society where he operates from (Newman, 1995). The preferable action in the eyes of a utilitarian will therefore involve keeping the innocent person in custody, since this will prevent suffering to many. The person in custody is therefore sacrificed in order to save the largest portion of the society from pain (Newman, 1995). It may also be necessary for a government to design and implement a policy tailored to combat a wrong that has been done t o a population segment and bring the level of that segment to that of others in a society, as it pertains to their economic wellbeing among other parameters (Kay, 1997). Such a process will involve establishing policies like affirmative action to specifically favor minorities and the powerless in a society. Implementing affirmative action means that individuals living in a society where such a policy is implemented will be compelled to sacrifice some of their rights that they would otherwise have enjoyed; such as the access to employment and education, in order for such rights to be distributed to minorities (Kay, 1997). Although members of such a society may be innocent from oppressing minorities, they have been obliged to endure some form of punishment: when they sacrifice part of their rights (Kay, 1997). Such a price and sacrifice is of necessity in order for a government to accommodate every citizen and for the promotion of equality within a society. For the purpose of preservi ng an important moral value that has been threatened in a society, say the value of freedom, a process that may involve punishing the innocent may become a necessity (Newman, 1995). In such a case, it may be necessary for a nation to go to war.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To defeat the enemy, it may be impossible to avoid injuries and casualties including those that are in no way involved in combat (Newman, 1995). It therefore becomes necessary to punish innocent segments of a population residing in an environment that is controlled by an enemy, during combat (Newman, 1995). Although the principles of morality are hardly counted before embarking in combat, it may become morally right to consider the pain and suffering of populations affected by the war as a necessity required to protect and uphold a valuable moral right such as the right to freedom (Newman, 1995). The threat of terrorism for example has inspired fear and strived to limit our right to freedom (Newman, 1995). Although the exercise of wisdom and control is of necessity to prevent unnecessary suffering during the war on terror, it may become unavoidable at times for a nation to participate in combat- in the endeavor of mitigating terrorism and preserving societal rights (Newman, 1995). C onclusion As has been seen, it becomes necessary in certain circumstances to subject innocent individuals to punishment to achieve certain moral purposes. The utilitarian theory justifies the punishment of a person whether guilty or not on the criteria that such a punishment will inevitably lead to the wellbeing of the most extensive population segment in a society. Besides, policies like the affirmative action that emphasize on equality oblige government to compel some society members to sacrifice part of their rights for distribution to minorities. It may also become necessary to punish innocent members of communities in an environment controlled by an enemy by a nation that has gone to war to preserve important moral values like the right to freedom. Reference List Kay, D., January 20, 1997.Utilitarianism. [Online] New York: Wofford. http://sites.wofford.edu/kaycd/utilitarianism/ Murphy, G.J, 1990. The killing of the innocent. The Monist, 57 (4), p. 527-550. Newman, G., 1995. Jus t and painful. New York: McMillan.

Giant Pacific Octopus Facts

Giant Pacific Octopus Facts The giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini), also known as the North Pacific giant octopus, is the largest and longest-lived octopus in the world. As its common name suggests, this large cephalopod lives along coastlines of the North Pacific Ocean. Fast Facts: Giant Pacific Octopus Scientific Name: Enteroctopus dofleiniOther Name: North Pacific giant octopusDistinguishing Features: Reddish-brown octopus with large head, mantle, and eight arms, usually identified by its large sizeAverage Size: 15 kg (33 lb) with arm span of 4.3 m (14 ft)Diet: CarnivorousAverage Lifespan: 3 to 5 yearsHabitat: Coastal North PacificConservation Status: Not evaluatedKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: MolluscaClass: CephalopodaOrder: OctopodaFamily: EnteroctopodidaeFun Fact: Despite its large size, it can escape any container with an opening large enough for its beak. Description Like other octopuses, the giant Pacific octopus exhibits bilateral symmetry and has a bulbous head, eight sucker-covered arms, and a mantle. Its beak and radula are at the center of the mantle. This octopus is generally reddish-brown, but special pigment cells in its skin change texture and color to camouflage the animal against rocks, plants, and coral. Like other octopuses, the giant Pacific octopus has blue, copper-rich blood that helps it obtain oxygen in cold water. The giant Pacific octopus is a master of disguise. Can you see it against the coral?. Andrey Nekrasov / Getty Images For an adult-age giant Pacific octopus, the average weight is 15 kg (33 lb) and the average arm span is 4.3 m (14 ft). Guinness World Records lists the largest specimen as weighing 136 kg (300 lb) with an arm span of 9.8 m (32 ft). Despite its large size, the octopus can compress its body to fit through any opening larger than its beak. The octopus is the most intelligent invertebrate. They have been known to play with toys, interact with a handler, open jars, use tools, and solve puzzles. In captivity, they can distinguish between and recognize different keepers. Distribution The giant Pacific octopus lives in the Pacific Ocean off the coasts of Russia, Japan, Korea, British Columbia, Alaska, Washington, Oregon, and California. It prefers cool, oxygenated water, adjusting its depth from the surface down to 2000 m (6600 ft) as required. E. dolphleini distribution. Kat OBrien Diet Octopuses are carnivorous predators that usually hunt at night. The giant Pacific octopus appears to feed on any animal within its size range, including fish, crabs, clams, small sharks, other octopuses, and even seabirds. The octopus grabs and restrains prey using its tentacles and suckers, then bites it and tears away flesh with its tough beak. Predators Adult and juvenile giant Pacific octopuses are preyed upon by sea otters, harbor seals, sharks, and sperm whales. The eggs and paralarvae support zooplankton filter feeders, such as baleen whales, some species of sharks, and many species of fish. The giant Pacific octopus is an important protein source for human consumption. It is also used as bait for Pacific halibut and other fish species. About 3.3 million tons of giant octopus are fished annually. Reproduction The giant Pacific octopus is the longest-lived octopus species, usually living 3 to 5 years in the wild. During this time, it leads a solitary existence, breeding only one time. During mating, the male octopus inserts a specialized arm called a hectocotylus into the females mantle, depositing a spermatophore. The female can store the spermatophore for several months before fertilization. After mating, the males physical condition deteriorates. He stops eating and spends more time in open water. Males typically die of being preyed upon, rather than starving to death. Giant Pacific octopus with her eggs. FriedC After mating, the female stops hunting. She lays between 120,000 and 400,000 eggs. She attaches the eggs to a hard surface, blows fresh water over them, cleans them, and chases away predators. Depending on water temperature, the eggs hatch in about six months. Females die soon after the eggs hatch. Each hatchling is about the size of a grain of rice, but grows at the rate of about 0.9% per day. Although many eggs are laid and hatch, most hatchlings are eaten before they reach adulthood. Conservation Status The giant Pacific octopus has not been evaluated for the IUCN Red List, nor is it protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. This is because its too hard to find and track the animals to assess its numbers. While not endangered, the species is likely threatened by pollution and climate change. Usually, the octopus flees warm water and dead zones in favor of cooler, oxygenated water, but some populations may be trapped between low-oxygen zones. Yet, the species can adapt to live in deep water, so it may be possible for the giant Pacific octopus to find a new habitat. Sources Cosgrove, James (2009). Super Suckers, The Giant Pacific octopus. BC: Harbour Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55017-466-3.Mather, J.A.; Kuba, M.J. (2013). The cephalopod specialties: complex nervous system, learning and cognition. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 91 (6): 431–449. doi:10.1139/cjz-2013-0009

Festivals of Greece & Rome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Festivals of Greece & Rome - Essay Example The Romans theatre history shows that they had several problems especially the stage craft and the imbalanced concept of drama with stage performances. As a result the stages in the beginning were constructed based on Greek models. In fact the concept of drama was introduced to Romans only from the Greeks. In this instance Romans stand next to the Greeks not equal to Greeks. The Greeks have a mythological background for all its religious festivals. Greeks’ strong faith in the supremacy of God is evident from the worship of each God and the reason they associate with their Gods. They honored their Gods through these festivals and had a faith that they could be punished in terms of earthquake or war if they don’t honor Gods. A festival according to both Greeks and Romans is not only for them but also for other visitors and participants from other countries to take part in competitions and contests. Especially sports, music and games. The course of the festival is declared as holiday. Greeks declare their festivals honoring their Gods such as Zeus, Olympia, Hera, and Dionysus who symbolize health, fertility, vegetation etc. The Greeks looked at their Gods as personifications of spring and periods. Where as most of the Roman festivals are celebrated during summer. Women were treated with equal importance as a result a special festival is organized for women honoring the Goddess Olympia, where sports events were conducted for women. The Panathenic festival in honor of the Goddess Hera, contained contests for singers, poets and playwrights. The Athens festival was considered as the most interesting event of the year, where series of operas, symphonies and ballets were performed at the theatre of Herodes Atticus. The influence of Greek drama could be seen in all the plays of all the times. Greeks performed plays in other religious festivals also especially the Church quoted dramatic scenes to explain religious

Collapse of Wilsonian World Order Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Collapse of Wilsonian World Order - Essay Example This means a way of collective means of recognizing, understanding and even addressing world problems beyond the capability of individual countries. The earliest origins of this word came from Woodrow Wilson who was the 28th president of the United States in the period after the severe damage of the World War I. Wilson believed that world democracies like the United States had the mandate of ensuring world stability. The whole idea involves promotion of peace and togetherness within the society while dealing with destructive individuals. In this respect it is important to understand the Wilson new world order, its implications and why it collapsed (Dunwalke 2007, p.3). Theory The concept of â€Å"Wilsonism† came into being during the regime of Woodrow Wilson where he wrote fourteen points about the issue. These points aimed at pushing America to join the League of Nations after the serious destruction of the World War I. Many modern commentators and politicians have used the t erm after World War II to mean a â€Å"new world order† in a bid to emphasize this policy.... The foreign policy that Wilson adopted was not only for protecting American welfare but instead his aim is to secure the interest of the entire humanity. In this ideology, it was sensible for Wilson to support the issue of free trade and international business relations to liberate the world. One of his major sayings cites that trade is â€Å"great nurse of liberal ideas† which meant that people can grow and develop with good business relationships. In addition, he stressed the need to enhance the true economy of America and then introduce it into the national sphere through world markets to make the country a democracy whose presence could be felt. It was clear that Wilson supported the power of embracing republicanism, which promotes democracy. This was clear from the National Security proposal he generate titled Engagement and Enlargement which had three major ideas that included advocating democracy globally, sustenance of a ready military group to meet the needs of the co untry, and expand America economy through the concepts of international trade (Wilson 2006, p.67). Immediately after the World War I, safeguarding democracy across the globe for Wilson meant defending the young republics within Latin America that had suffered for many years from corrupt authorities and pressures coming from the European powers. It also required protecting these republic from American dominance as it was during the presidency of Roosevelt. Wilson was keen on this foreign policy such that he spent most of his first years in power combating Latin American problems. For instance, he pushed Congress to revoke the 1912 Panama Canal Act in which most of

The faces of the Goddess :: English Literature

The faces of the Goddess Throughout history women have empowered themselves by taking on many different titles and roles. This can be seen in the two allegorical fantasy novels The Mists of Avalon and Forest house, both written by Marion Zimmer Bradley. In both novels we see the female protagonists take on many different roles as they move throughout the different stages of their lives. In the novels it is believed that the Goddess shows herself in every woman. The stages and roles held by the two priestesses, Morgaine and Eilan, represent the different forms the Goddess takes. Morgaine shows the Goddess within her when she acts as the Maiden or Virgin huntress, the Mother of all men and as the Old Death-crone. These forms of the Goddess show themselves in Eilan as the Maiden, the loving Mother and the Lady of Ravens or Death-crone. Both Morgaine's and Eilan's actions throughout the novels show that they represent the three faces of the Goddess: the Virgin Maiden, the lover of men and gods; the Mother, life-giver and caretaker of men; and the Old Death-crone, killer of men. To begin, Morgaine represents the Virgin Maiden, the lover of the God and Summer-king. This is shown when Morgaine is thinking to herself about her past while weaving a spell to kill Avalloch. She is planning to set her lover Accolon on the throne in the place of Avalloch after the king Uriens dies. Morgaine speaks in her mind: Years ago she had been the Virgin Huntress, blessing the Horned One and sending him forth to run with the deer and to conquer or die as the Goddess might decree. He had come back to her... now she was no longer that Virgin, holding all the power of the Huntress. (The Mists of Avalon 671) These lines show that Morgaine had once taken the form of the Virgin Goddess who gives herself to the King Stag. She did the duty of the Maiden Goddess while she was young and a physical maiden by setting Arthur the Stag-God on his throne. This is important because she feels now that she must set the God on his throne again but this time in the form of Accolon. Morgaine worries though because she feels she no longer has the power of the Maiden Huntress to do so. This shows that Morgaine doubts that the Goddess and all her selves are within her. This occurs despite the fact that she had assumed the position of Maiden before. Morgaine is still unlearned in the ways of the Goddess and like the Maiden, she must set out on a spiritual journey toward

Benefit Type

I would have to say that at the Health Home Program there are many benefit types and services available to the clients who receive treatment there, it is a residential treatment facility that provides individual and group counseling to drug addicted mothers or soon to be mothers. One of the main goals of the program is to ensure that women deliver drug free babies.The program is funded through many government grants to keep children with their mothers who are suffering from substance abuse, children are placed with their mothers once they are enrolled for treatment. Drug addiction is a major social problem with many dire consequences that follow, the home program works closely with DHS (department of homeless services) to ensure that the women receiving services are able to become caring and nurchuring parents to their children.The intensive treatment phase is completed while the women is a resident in the program, this is the time that she will detox off of the drugs and begin her r ecovery. I have learned that during residential treatment the women will be learning parenting basics, receiving mental health evaluations, going to dental and medical appointments, receive family counseling, and receive any other types of services that they specifically need.The services provided defiantly address the social problem of drug addiction and the affects that it can have on a family, the home program manages to nurture the bond between mother and child while repairing the damage that the addiction has caused. Some other services provided include: out-patient treatment, GED assistance, daycare, transitional housing after successful completion of the residential phase of treatment.Any woman who has a unique medical or emotional problems will receive special accommodations to ensure that she is comfortable and safe. I would have to say that at the Detox is offered at the program thus allowing the woman to â€Å"come down† off their drug of choice while their child i s being cared for by program staff. The benefits of this program are less children born addicted to drugs the better chance they have to be less addicted to drugs or live with the reaction of moms on drugs.

Report about Business Ethics

Ethics has been a big problem to many people because it is not easy to define and to give a clear meaning. Everybody would like to live an ethical life but it is not simple as it sounds. Ethical dilemma comes in, where two contrasting ethical ideas, issues or situations are experienced; hence making a decision may be a big issue. Ethics therefore is concerned about distinguishing between what is bad and good, good or evil, fair and unfair or just and unjust human actions either virtuous or non virtuous person’s character and behavior (Kant 56). The current event is about a corruption scandal in Mexico that is suspected to have been organized at a pharmaceutical giant Novartis firm. There is an investigation into a suspected corruption which is an ethical issue which needs to be addressed. This case involves the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) and the suspected firm (pharmaceutical giant Novartis). The Mexican president Felipe Calderon on Wednesday ordered for a thorough investigation about the case and suspicion on the possible corruption in the pharmaceutical giant Novartis firm (Olson 300). The suspected corruption was broadcasted on Tuesday evening by the Mexican TV network Televisa. To prove this, they provided an audio recording of a Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) senior official negotiating the purchase of $ 6.5 million ($ 80 million pesos) value of pharmaceuticals with Rafael Castro who is the director of Novartis laboratory director. The president is not happy about the scandal and may be that is the reason as to why he was furious on what he posted on his twitter account while on his mission to South Korea. He wants the possible culprits be punished immediately after investigation is over and he ordered for a thorough and comprehensive investigation (Olson 304). This act is unethical and it is punishable by law. This is seen as unethical and not procedural because it is a tender which must be advertised or published as by the laws governing the tendering process and procedures. There was collusion or negotiation before the tender was published; the officer is reported to have informed the Novartis’ representative that, tender was to be published on Thursday yet conspiracy had occurred on Tuesday before the actual date. This is seen as unfair, unethical and the concern deserves to be punished including the corresponding commission (Blackburn 90). The body that deals with corruption is working day and night to ensure the menace is reduced and eventually eradicated in the country. On Tuesday, the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) announced that it had fired and dismissed Cesar Mora Eguiarte from his position as Goods and Services Acquisition Coordinator who is believed to be at the centre of the whole corruption scandal (Kant 58). The pharmaceutical company has responded to support the government effort in the fight against corruption by suspending several Mexican officials and business people; this is according to the Mexican authorities report on Friday. The government of Mexico has been hit by major corruption scandals even though there have been numerous reforms that have been set to deal with the menace for many years. This is a setback to the government because many contracts have been investigated due to the public outcry on favorism in tender awarding process which is corrupt and it is awarded based on who you know (Blackburn 92). The big companies are the most affected with corruption and this problem is attributed to a highly monopolized economy. The government is in the fore front dealing with this unethical business issue and it has referred the matter to the anti-monopoly commission as well as other agencies dealing with cases of corruption (Olson 305). This is unethical issue as seen in the officials discussing about the percentages between three and five. A government official is adversely mentioned in this case to show how government is involved in such scandals but the good thing is that; corruption fight in Mexico is being fought from the top being led by the president. From what is happening in Mexico, it is quite clear that, corruption is still a major challenge in the whole country and it needs to be addressed before it reaches an adverse stage. Stringent laws should be set so as to curb this issue and total commitment as shown by the president must be upheld by all corruption agencies and government authorities. The authorities and agencies must deal with corruption by incorporating ethical principles (Singer 44). Ethical theory Ethical theories are the grand ideas where guiding rules and principles are based. These theories tend to strive so as to maintain coherent and systematic guidelines in fighting the menace (corruption) which has rocked the country currently and in the past. All ethical theories are egoistic and altruistic attitudes towards mankind behavior and character (Perle 84). The theories are meant to provide and to enhance ethical principles and values that will guide people’s behavior and character in their actions. They are the general truths and systems that defend a particular action and aims at correction anomalies and deviations. Aristotle is seen as a person behind all the theories dealing with business ethics. He has contributed much on the business ethics by fighting for fairness and good behaviors in transacting business (Singer 46). Utilitarianism theory Based on the question and what is happening currently in Mexican government on issues to do with corruption, utilitarian theory can best explain and address this corruption scandal on the basis of its argument. Utilitarian theory is one of the commonly used functional theories and favored by many people and ethical theorists. This theory is also known as teleology or consequentialism theory. This theory basically enhances good values by using the right means to achieve its expected goals and objectives. It explains how rules and regulations must be adhered to; so as to satisfy and give the most advantage to those who may have been done injustice in one way or another by those with power and authority (Blackburn 94). The theory advocates for achieving the most advantage to the majority of the people in the society. It fights for the vulnerable in the society from a few greedy people in the society who are just after their own self interest (Vendemiati 60). This theory fits the current situation because we see a few people who want to take advantage of their positions to only benefit themselves at the expense of the majority of Mexicans. This theory advocates for fairness, equality and justice for all irrespective of ones status or position in the society. Business ethics should be the corner stone of all business transactions. This theory basis is laid on the broader social policies which are seen as most important and can build a strong ground for fighting this vice affecting the society (Perle 78). The theory holds the consequences and effects of a particular action in order to form the basis of any valid moral judgment about someone’s actions based on the rules of consequentialism (Silverstein 88). This is evidenced when the president gave out directives for investigation to be done and those responsible for the scandal to be dealt with in accordance to the laws (Singer 45).   Ã‚   Someone’s actions form the basis of judgment and this is practically seen when the senior officials in the pharmaceutical firm are suspended so as to pave way for a thorough investigation. Utilitarianist’s point of view is that, they wanted a morally right action that produces the desired outcome or consequences which are justified by the fact that, the ends justify its means. This is therefore a modern moral philosophy coined by G. E. Anscombe in 1958 where stated that, everybody should carry his or her cross based on the actions and the behavior demonstrated (Silverstein 90) . This theory main feature is the consequences in evaluating and judging the wrongness or rightness, fairness or unfairness of the actions demonstrated by different people. The results or outcomes of an action will overweight other considerations and legal requirements that may be required for a final judgment. The theory has tried to explain the consequences that are good or bad, the main beneficiary of the moral action taken and finally how the consequences are judged or determined and who judges are or who should provide a ruling (Blackburn 96). According to hedonistic utilitarianism, an action is said to be good if it increases pleasure and the action is one whose outcome satisfies the greatest number of people. This is meant to ensure everybody plays his or her role in accordance to the set rules and regulations governing their actions. It also focuses on tensions and conflicts between different states of affairs which are expected and what not and therefore should be adjudicated (Lyons 231). Motive utilitarianism was developed by Adams Robert which suggested that, ethics is a hybrid between acts and rules which are seen to be realistic and ethical. The motive is deemed to be realistic on how people function psychologically when dealing with others. It explains how people are emotional, passionate and we try to justify our deeds even if our actions are negative. People do not consider negative prohibitions and hindrances but they continue engaging in bad deeds because others do it. It seems from the current corruption in Mexico that, it happened because others did in the past and others are still engaging themselves in it; hence its purpose is to promote and to justify what others have been doing (Kant 60). Motive utilitarianism is seen as a response to the rules which are against the realities but hypothetical situations which are common in the philosophical and psychological articles and publications. Motive utilitarianism proposes that, our moral task is to learn within ourselves good morals which are socially and morally acceptable by the majority. We should be useful by serving others in the positions we are in for the benefit of all that we serve; but not to promote greediness and self-centeredness as the pharmaceutical officials who promoted corruption for the sake of themselves. The motive utilitarianism is meant to deter people who may be wishing to do wrong things (Lyons 232). Negative utilitarianism This type of utilitarian theory aims at promoting the least evil or harm to the people or the community. It is meant to prevent the greatest amount and mass suffering for the greatest number of people. Most ethical theorists such as Karl Popper, Christoph Fehige and Clark Wolf believe that, this is the most effective and efficient ethical theory because it fights the vices in the society that can harm majority of the people. It clarifies the field of ethics that will end the demand for negativity by promoting happiness that will satisfy everybody who has a share and interest in what is happening (Lyons 234). Negative utilitarianism can be clearly seen when the president was unhappy by what was happening in the country. The president knew that, the outcome of the corruption scandal would affect most citizens of Mexico. The health sector would be affected because most patients would have lacked drugs due to corruption promoted in the pharmaceutical firm (Orend 19). Ethical issues of this theory (Utilitarianism theory) Some ethical theorists do not believe in this theory citing that it is not comprehensive and does not have the evidence to support it. It lacks moral authority to reduce unethical issues in the society and they believe that is not an independent theory because it must depend on other factors and theories. They further argue that, they only sacrifice to reduce extreme suffering but not to avoid the pain the majority will get in the society (Lyons 235). The theory is said to be pessimistic and does not try to support the societal norms and values. The ethics of the issue is concerned about the standards that are used to add value to the societal norms, values and general principles. For this corruption in the government which has dominated, the president acted ethically by calling for investigation into the whole corruption scandal. It is ethical because he is playing a crucial role reducing cases of corruption. He also acted ethically by not defending the top government officials such as the director in the pharmaceutical firm. He is using the rules and regulations to promote acceptable behaviors by minimizing and avoiding negative effects of vices such as corruption in the country which has been enhanced by the senior government officials (Kant 62). It is unethical for the health official to engage in corruption where funds will be lost that could have been used to purchase drugs in order to assist the patients in the health centers and hospitals. The ethical values are learnt at the tender age and so the societal institutions must incorporate societal norms and values that are ethically and socially acceptable at all times by most people (Blackburn 98). Although a person is as a separate entity, he is suppose to have his or her own personal values because there are some norms and values that are generally acceptable by the medical community, legislatures, executive, courts and the society at large and must be upheld at all times. Respect for the patients rights by availing the needed medication or treatment in all health facilities in the country must be given the first priority. This can be achieved by considering the fundamentals that are sometimes given overriding importance and seriousness it deserves (Orend 21). The ethical issues arising are the fact that, corruption seem to have rooted well in Mexico and it is even complicating the authorities on which one to handle first. It seems there are no stringent rules and regulations governing the authorities and agencies dealing with corruption in Mexico. It is unethical for an emerging corruption scandal to be given much attention yet other past scandals are not dealt with. The government authorities and agencies have started investigating the matter; and it is believed that, such bodies should not have waited for the president to give orders for investigation to commence yet they have powers and authority to deal with the issue (Kelly 160). This theory has further been criticized because it is argued that, it lacks the convincing proof; hence becoming an ethical issue. It does not clarify whether the correct ethical system is to be solved by either logics or through science methods. It is further confused by the common claim that, utilitarian theory may be unethical by the other ethical schools, theories and formal logic itself. It must appeal to the other facts and evidence which must be justified beyond any reasonable doubt (Orend 23). This theory has created an ethical dilemma and sharp differences in the argument that has prejudice and underrated the work of the ethical theorists. The most eminent issue is what to be considered ethical and what not. As earlier explained during the definition, it has become a major issue and a challenge to put a clear cut line on what is considered ethical and what not based on that argument. The main issue is that, what someone else consider ethical may be unethical in another person. This has therefore brought a lot of differences, confusion and disagreement on the whole issue ethical standards (Kelly 161). The issue of corruption is agreeable by most people as unethical and it is a vice that has affected the country’s development because of the misuse of financial resources. By conspiring to award someone a tender before the due process is followed is unethical and one is liable to face the law for misconduct and misuse of office. Some past actions might be ignited by the current issue on corruption; hence can be dealt with once and for all (Orend 24). There has been much debate and discussion on the issue of ethics concerning the fight against vices such as corruption in Mexico where the nature of ethics have been questioned whether it is linked to the behavior of someone or the lack of stringent rules and regulations governing the institutions. Many ethical theorists have an issue on the character of someone and agencies or authorities with the mandate to deal with some issues (Silverstein 96). There are some questions which surrounds the theory on whether morals are subjective or objective in its applicability (Vendemiati 56). In conclusion, ethics should be the guiding principles on all business transactions in all organizations and institutions. Business ethics should be observed so as the institution to remain socially acceptable by its deeds or actions. The corruption at the pharmaceutical firm is unethical and must be dealt with accordingly. Ethics should promote good, fair and just actions and punish the evil in the society (Kelly 163). Works cited: Blackburn, Sal med. Being good: A short introduction to ethics. Oxford: Oxford University   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Press, 2001 (2) 90-98. Kant, Immanuel. In The Metaphysical Elements of Ethics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Press, 2003 (3) 56-62. Kelly, Eugene. The Basics of Western Philosophy. New York: Greenwood Press, 2006 (4) 160-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   163. Lyons, David. Forms and Limits of Utilitarianism. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Inc, 2005 (3)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   231-235. Olson, Robert. Deontological Ethics: The Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Collier   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Macmillan, 2000 (2) 300-305. Orend, Brian. War and International Justice: A Kantian Perspective. West Waterloo, Ontario:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2000 (3) 19-24. Singer, Peter. Writings on an ethical life. London: Harper Collins Publishers, 2000 (2) 44-46. Silverstein, Harry. A Defence of Cornman’s Utilitarian Kantian Principle, Philosophical Studies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2000 (1) 88-96. Perle, Stephen. Morality and Ethics: An Introduction. New York: McGraw-Hill Book   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Company, 2004 (6) 78-84. Vendemiati, Aldo. In the First Person, an Outline of General Ethics. Rome: Urbaniana   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University Press, 2004 (3) 56-60.